These days, the financial industry's locus of power can't be found in London. It's not in New York City. Frankfurt? Tokyo? Davos, Switzerland? Nope, nope, and nope.
The real decisions that impact the capital markets are being made in Washington. And they're sometimes being made by politicians who don't really have a clue about how the industry works, or what unintended consequences their actions may have. If that doesn't scare you, I don't know what will.
Look no further than last week's market carnage for proof of who's in charge. The market was continuing on its merry way — until Washington lobbed several curve balls at Wall Street.
The reaction was swift and severe: The overall market suffered its biggest hit in months, with financial stocks getting hammered particularly hard. Moreover, the "VIX" index of volatility surged 55 percent in a span of three days. We haven't seen a move that large, that quickly since 2007.
It's clear to me that the political tides are shifting for the financial industry — and not in a good way. This could have widespread implications for the markets I follow most closely, so I want to expand on some key points.
Bankers No Longer Free to Run Wild?
President Obama shocked the markets last week with a new plan designed to rein in the nation's banks. It would specifically bar banks from holding or investing in private equity and hedge funds that aren't related to customers they're serving. Banks also would have to shed so-called "proprietary trading" units that use their own capital to place bets on the market.
Combined, these moves could impact companies like JPMorgan. It runs a OneEquity Partners PE unit that makes $8 billion in investments. It could also hammer prop trading houses like Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, which generate billions of dollars in revenue from such activities.
President Obama has shocked the markets with a plan to rein in the nation's banks.
In the bigger picture, as Martin noted earlier, this signals that the "Bailout Brigade" of Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner and Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke may be losing influence. The outrageous behavior of Wall Street firms and the banking industry — and Washington's coddling of them — have finally pushed average Americans over the edge.
They're sick of watching companies make stupid loans, arrange stupid deals, blow themselves up, take billions of dollars in taxpayer money, and then — in a move that defies all logic, morality, and sensitivity — turn around and pay themselves billions and billions in bonuses! So they're rising up in anger and trying to "vote the bums out."
Result: The policymakers in Washington are finally being forced to listen to the masses — and the bankers and their lobbyists are running scared. So are bank investors, who have grown accustomed to a steady diet of D.C. handouts.
FHA Tightening the Screws?
Change is also afoot in the housing and mortgage arenas. The Federal Housing Administration, or FHA, has been making overly lax loans for several quarters now — even as house prices fall and defaults rise. Its credit reserves are running at the lowest level in modern history, raising the risk of yet another massive bailout.
But in an about-face from the recent trend toward blindly marching off a cliff, this federally-backed mortgage lender is tightening the screws. It plans to soon implement higher down payment requirements for borrowers with lousy credit.
It's also jacking up the upfront premium borrowers have to pay into the program from 1.75 percent to 2.25 percent of the loan balance. Those premiums fund insurance that protects lenders for losses on FHA loans. Finally, FHA will ask Congress for authority to raise the monthly premiums that borrowers have to shell out along with their regular payments.
A few years ago, when the FHA program was a seldom-used option for mortgage borrowers, something like this would hardly matter. But FHA now guarantees roughly 3-in-10 of all mortgages being made. So its move could be significant.
At the same time, the administration isn't entirely cutting off the housing and mortgage industries — or borrowers, for that matter. Reports are now circulating that the Obama team will soon revamp either its $300 billion Hope for Homeowners (H4H) program or the larger Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP). We may even see changes in both.
These programs are designed to reduce foreclosures through the use of loan modifications, or "mods." But they've failed to significantly — and permanently — stem the flood of home repossessions because they don't aggressively attack the "negative equity" problem.
Efforts are underway to reduce foreclosures through the use of loan modifications.
What do I mean? These days, borrowers who go to their lenders or the government for help typically get their interest rates cut, their loan terms extended, and/or their monthly payments lowered. But their lenders don't cut the amount of principal they owe.
That leaves borrowers owing, say, $450,000 on a house that was once worth $500,000 but now is worth just $300,000. The question isn't "Why WOULD you just mail the keys back to your lender?" in that situation. It's "Why WOULDN'T you?" Even if home prices immediately turn around and start rising at their historical rate of a few percentage points a year, it would take ages for you to build positive equity again.
I highlighted this as a critical flaw of the Obama plan almost a year ago in Money and Markets when I wrote: "Higher loan-to-value ratio mortgages have ALWAYS had higher default rates than lower LTV ones. Why? When borrowers have none of their money at risk — skin in the game, if you will — they have no vested interest in sticking with the property. They're giving up nothing by walking away.
"Sure, they'll take the lower payments they're going to be offered as part of the Obama modification plan. Sure, they'll stick around for a while. But if anything ... anything ... throws their financial situation off balance, a high percentage of them will resort to "jingle mail" — meaning, they'll pop their keys in an envelope and send it off to their lender"
Because neither H4H nor HAMP has lived up to expectations, the political pressure on the administration is reaching a tipping point. And if the administration responds by fixing that crucial "principal reduction" flaw, it would be a big deal. It would be a significant step toward lowering the foreclosure rate and helping out the housing market.
The Impact on You
So what does this all mean for you, especially if you're investing in financial stocks or bonds and related industries? You simply can't be as bullish on them as you were when Washington was their best friend.
Policy is no longer being written by a bunch of bank lobbyists, then rubberstamped by the Wall Street cronies in Congress and on the Obama administration's financial team. That's good news for the long-term health of the country ... but a potential chink in the armor for the markets, especially financial stocks.
At the same time, the nasty knee-jerk market reaction last week could scare policymakers right back into bailout mode. If stocks roll over ... if home sales continue to slow (as opposed to just suffer a post-tax-cut hangover for a month or two) ... and if mortgage credit tightens anew, the Bailout Brigade might be rolled right back out again.
What is certain is that volatility and confusion levels among investors will rise. So while it's not exactly time to go all-in short here, or dump all your "longs," it IS time to pare back your exposure, take some gains off the table, and let positions that get stopped out stay that way. Then we'll see how this all shakes out.
========================================
This investment news is brought to you by Money and Markets. Money and Markets is a free daily investment newsletter from Martin D. Weiss and Weiss Research analysts offering the latest investing news and financial insights for the stock market, including tips and advice on investing in gold, energy and oil. Dr. Weiss is a leader in the fields of investing, interest rates, financial safety and economic forecasting. To view archives or subscribe, visit http://www.moneyandmarkets.com.
Friday, January 29, 2010
Tuesday, January 5, 2010
The Price of Construction Materials Is About to Soar
Here is a great article I came across by Tom Dyson
If you want to know what's going on in the economy, you need to watch the price of lumber...
Housing is the most important asset class in America. When house prices fall, banks fail, consumers cut back, unemployment rises, and the economy collapses. But when house prices are strong, the economy rebounds.
In other words, the U.S. real estate market is the main pivot in the whole economic mess we're in right now. If you can figure out what's happening in real estate, you can figure out everything else.
Lumber and building materials are the best leading indicators of real estate.
Take the timeline of the current crisis as an example... The lumber price reacted before any other market: Lumber prices peaked in May 2004. The Bloomberg Homebuilders Index peaked in July 2005. The Case-Shiller U.S. Home Price Index peaked in July 2006. The credit crunch started in February 2007, when New Century Financial collapsed. And finally, the S&P 500 peaked in October 2007.
When the recovery comes, I expect it'll show up first in building materials, too...
So what's happening right now in the building materials markets?
Ro-Mac is a $100 million lumberyard near Orlando, Florida. Ro-Mac supplies central Florida's homebuilders and contractors with building materials like 2x4s, rebar concrete, and gypsum wallboards.
I received an e-mail from Ro-Mac's general manager, Don Magruder, last week. Don says several suppliers announced price hikes in December and he expects "a caravan" of further price increases in January.
"My feeling is that the month of December is the calm before the price storm of 2010," he writes. Don advises contractors and builders to be "wary" of entering long-term contracts.
He says supply is the reason prices are going to rise. Manufacturers of building materials have closed plants, fired workers, and sold their inventories. Many have gone out of business altogether. Don calls it "supply destruction." He says the moment demand picks up, there's going to be an instant shortage of materials.
My wife and I are taking advantage of the situation by doing extensive renovations to our home. We don't need new kitchen cabinets, but my wife and I have found such a good deal, we're thinking about having our entire kitchen remodeled. We're also considering a new roof and an upgrade for our air conditioning system. Last month, we had our yard landscaped front and back.
It's hard to say exactly how much we're saving. But given the low price of labor and materials, I bet we're getting at least a 30% discount.
If you're looking to get some work done on your house, now's a great time. But the easiest way to take advantage of this situation is to buy stock in forest-products companies like Weyerhaeuser and Rayonier. They benefit when building material prices rise.
Good investing,
Tom
If you want to know what's going on in the economy, you need to watch the price of lumber...
Housing is the most important asset class in America. When house prices fall, banks fail, consumers cut back, unemployment rises, and the economy collapses. But when house prices are strong, the economy rebounds.
In other words, the U.S. real estate market is the main pivot in the whole economic mess we're in right now. If you can figure out what's happening in real estate, you can figure out everything else.
Lumber and building materials are the best leading indicators of real estate.
Take the timeline of the current crisis as an example... The lumber price reacted before any other market: Lumber prices peaked in May 2004. The Bloomberg Homebuilders Index peaked in July 2005. The Case-Shiller U.S. Home Price Index peaked in July 2006. The credit crunch started in February 2007, when New Century Financial collapsed. And finally, the S&P 500 peaked in October 2007.
When the recovery comes, I expect it'll show up first in building materials, too...
So what's happening right now in the building materials markets?
Ro-Mac is a $100 million lumberyard near Orlando, Florida. Ro-Mac supplies central Florida's homebuilders and contractors with building materials like 2x4s, rebar concrete, and gypsum wallboards.
I received an e-mail from Ro-Mac's general manager, Don Magruder, last week. Don says several suppliers announced price hikes in December and he expects "a caravan" of further price increases in January.
"My feeling is that the month of December is the calm before the price storm of 2010," he writes. Don advises contractors and builders to be "wary" of entering long-term contracts.
He says supply is the reason prices are going to rise. Manufacturers of building materials have closed plants, fired workers, and sold their inventories. Many have gone out of business altogether. Don calls it "supply destruction." He says the moment demand picks up, there's going to be an instant shortage of materials.
My wife and I are taking advantage of the situation by doing extensive renovations to our home. We don't need new kitchen cabinets, but my wife and I have found such a good deal, we're thinking about having our entire kitchen remodeled. We're also considering a new roof and an upgrade for our air conditioning system. Last month, we had our yard landscaped front and back.
It's hard to say exactly how much we're saving. But given the low price of labor and materials, I bet we're getting at least a 30% discount.
If you're looking to get some work done on your house, now's a great time. But the easiest way to take advantage of this situation is to buy stock in forest-products companies like Weyerhaeuser and Rayonier. They benefit when building material prices rise.
Good investing,
Tom
Friday, July 10, 2009
Credit Losses Rising Anywhere and Everywhere
Remember when policymakers at the Federal Reserve told us in 2007 and 2008 that the credit problems were "contained" to the subprime mortgage sector? Or when then-Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson spouted the same line? Oops.
We've already established how those guys were dead wrong about home loans. Indeed, the delinquency rate on U.S. mortgages surged to a record 9.12 percent in the first quarter of this year. Late payments rose in ALL categories, including prime fixed-rate loans, the absolute "cream of the crop" in the mortgage world.
Now, it's clear they were dead wrong about the entire credit market! Credit losses and delinquencies are rising anywhere and everywhere, and I've got the numbers to prove it.
In the first quarter of this year, the credit card delinquency rate shot up to 6.6 percent ... a record high. RVs ... HELOCs ... Personal Loans — Borrowers Can't Pay Back Anything! Get a load of these hot-off-the-press figures from the American Bankers Association (ABA). In the first quarter of 2009 ...
•Home equity loan delinquencies increased from 3.03 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008 to 3.52 percent.
•Home equity line of credit delinquencies rose from 1.46 percent to 1.89 percent.
•Credit card delinquencies rose from 5.52 percent to 6.6 percent (measured on a "percentage of dollars outstanding" basis).
•Direct auto loan delinquencies increased from 2.03 percent to 3.01 percent.
•RV loan delinquencies increased from 1.38 percent to 1.52 percent.
•Mobile home loan delinquencies increased from 2.96 percent to 3.70 percent.
•Personal loan delinquencies increased from 2.88 percent to 3.47 percent.
The home equity loan delinquency rate is a record high. The home equity line of credit rate is a record high. The credit card delinquency rate is a record high. And so is the level of the aggregate consumer credit delinquency index that the ABA has been putting together since 1974!
What about CORPORATE credit quality? Any "green shoots" there? Nope.
-The default rate on junk bonds has almost quadrupled to 9.5 percent from 2.4 percent a year earlier, according to Fitch Ratings.
-A University of California economist just predicted that a whopping 20 percent of hotel development loans made in the U.S. may default over the next year and a half.
-Standard & Poor's just said it's planning to slash ratings on more than $235 billion worth of commercial mortgage-backed-securities. Loose underwriting, falling asset prices, slumping rents and rising vacancy rates are wreaking havoc on the entire commercial real estate sector.
What's the Problem? We Had the Biggest Credit Bubble of All Time, That's What!
Slumping rents and rising vacancy rates are wreaking havoc on the entire commercial real estate sector. Americans simply borrowed and spent way too much during the halcyon days of the early-to-mid 2000s. They were counting on ever-rising home values to bail them out from high-risk loans.
The lending industry actively egged them on, as did policymakers at the Fed, who kept interest rates too low for too long. The insanity spread to commercial real estate ... to corporate buyout loans ... to virtually every corner of the credit market!
Now, we're all dealing with the hugely negative consequences of this massive credit bubble. What a shame! I can only hope that borrowers, lenders, policymakers, and regulators behave more responsibly in the future.
In the meantime, I continue to suggest the following: Stay away from sectors vulnerable to deteriorating credit quality, tighter lending standards, falling home values, and falling commercial property prices. That includes banks, insurers, home builders, and REITs.
And what about all the talk out of Washington on how these companies are just fine, how the economy is recovering strongly, and how happy times are here again?
Plug your ears and lash yourself to the mast! These guys didn't get the mortgage crisis right. They didn't get the credit crisis right. And they sure as blazes aren't getting the economy right, either. Consider: Just a few weeks ago, politicians on Capitol Hill and policymakers at the Federal Reserve were tripping all over themselves to discuss the "green shoots" in the economy. Now, they're openly admitting they screwed it up.
Joe Biden spilled the beans when he announced that the administration had "misread the economy." Vice President Joe Biden said last weekend that the administration "misread the economy." Their hopelessly optimistic projection that unemployment would peak at 8 percent — has been thrown in the trash. The unemployment rate has instead climbed to 9.5 percent ... and double-digit levels are right around the corner.
Heck, you now have key officials, like Obama adviser Laura Tyson and House Democratic leader Steny Hoyer, talking about the possibility of a SECOND economic stimulus package. That's a tacit admission that the $787-billion package enacted in February is failing to get the job done.
Again, this should come as no surprise to you. Unlike the ivory tower economists in Washington, we live in the real world. We know how bad things are, and how serious the risk is that they'll get worse — MUCH worse. So we've been warning you constantly to avoid risk, and batten down the hatches for a worsening economic storm.
This investment news is brought to you by Money and Markets. Money and Markets is a free daily investment newsletter from Martin D. Weiss and Weiss Research analysts offering the latest investing news and financial insights for the stock market, including tips and advice on investing in gold, energy and oil. Dr. Weiss is a leader in the fields of investing, interest rates, financial safety and economic forecasting. To view archives or subscribe, visit http://www.moneyandmarkets.com.
We've already established how those guys were dead wrong about home loans. Indeed, the delinquency rate on U.S. mortgages surged to a record 9.12 percent in the first quarter of this year. Late payments rose in ALL categories, including prime fixed-rate loans, the absolute "cream of the crop" in the mortgage world.
Now, it's clear they were dead wrong about the entire credit market! Credit losses and delinquencies are rising anywhere and everywhere, and I've got the numbers to prove it.
In the first quarter of this year, the credit card delinquency rate shot up to 6.6 percent ... a record high. RVs ... HELOCs ... Personal Loans — Borrowers Can't Pay Back Anything! Get a load of these hot-off-the-press figures from the American Bankers Association (ABA). In the first quarter of 2009 ...
•Home equity loan delinquencies increased from 3.03 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008 to 3.52 percent.
•Home equity line of credit delinquencies rose from 1.46 percent to 1.89 percent.
•Credit card delinquencies rose from 5.52 percent to 6.6 percent (measured on a "percentage of dollars outstanding" basis).
•Direct auto loan delinquencies increased from 2.03 percent to 3.01 percent.
•RV loan delinquencies increased from 1.38 percent to 1.52 percent.
•Mobile home loan delinquencies increased from 2.96 percent to 3.70 percent.
•Personal loan delinquencies increased from 2.88 percent to 3.47 percent.
The home equity loan delinquency rate is a record high. The home equity line of credit rate is a record high. The credit card delinquency rate is a record high. And so is the level of the aggregate consumer credit delinquency index that the ABA has been putting together since 1974!
What about CORPORATE credit quality? Any "green shoots" there? Nope.
-The default rate on junk bonds has almost quadrupled to 9.5 percent from 2.4 percent a year earlier, according to Fitch Ratings.
-A University of California economist just predicted that a whopping 20 percent of hotel development loans made in the U.S. may default over the next year and a half.
-Standard & Poor's just said it's planning to slash ratings on more than $235 billion worth of commercial mortgage-backed-securities. Loose underwriting, falling asset prices, slumping rents and rising vacancy rates are wreaking havoc on the entire commercial real estate sector.
What's the Problem? We Had the Biggest Credit Bubble of All Time, That's What!
Slumping rents and rising vacancy rates are wreaking havoc on the entire commercial real estate sector. Americans simply borrowed and spent way too much during the halcyon days of the early-to-mid 2000s. They were counting on ever-rising home values to bail them out from high-risk loans.
The lending industry actively egged them on, as did policymakers at the Fed, who kept interest rates too low for too long. The insanity spread to commercial real estate ... to corporate buyout loans ... to virtually every corner of the credit market!
Now, we're all dealing with the hugely negative consequences of this massive credit bubble. What a shame! I can only hope that borrowers, lenders, policymakers, and regulators behave more responsibly in the future.
In the meantime, I continue to suggest the following: Stay away from sectors vulnerable to deteriorating credit quality, tighter lending standards, falling home values, and falling commercial property prices. That includes banks, insurers, home builders, and REITs.
And what about all the talk out of Washington on how these companies are just fine, how the economy is recovering strongly, and how happy times are here again?
Plug your ears and lash yourself to the mast! These guys didn't get the mortgage crisis right. They didn't get the credit crisis right. And they sure as blazes aren't getting the economy right, either. Consider: Just a few weeks ago, politicians on Capitol Hill and policymakers at the Federal Reserve were tripping all over themselves to discuss the "green shoots" in the economy. Now, they're openly admitting they screwed it up.
Joe Biden spilled the beans when he announced that the administration had "misread the economy." Vice President Joe Biden said last weekend that the administration "misread the economy." Their hopelessly optimistic projection that unemployment would peak at 8 percent — has been thrown in the trash. The unemployment rate has instead climbed to 9.5 percent ... and double-digit levels are right around the corner.
Heck, you now have key officials, like Obama adviser Laura Tyson and House Democratic leader Steny Hoyer, talking about the possibility of a SECOND economic stimulus package. That's a tacit admission that the $787-billion package enacted in February is failing to get the job done.
Again, this should come as no surprise to you. Unlike the ivory tower economists in Washington, we live in the real world. We know how bad things are, and how serious the risk is that they'll get worse — MUCH worse. So we've been warning you constantly to avoid risk, and batten down the hatches for a worsening economic storm.
This investment news is brought to you by Money and Markets. Money and Markets is a free daily investment newsletter from Martin D. Weiss and Weiss Research analysts offering the latest investing news and financial insights for the stock market, including tips and advice on investing in gold, energy and oil. Dr. Weiss is a leader in the fields of investing, interest rates, financial safety and economic forecasting. To view archives or subscribe, visit http://www.moneyandmarkets.com.
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
What the Dramatic Turn in the U.S. Saving Rate Could Mean to You
During the past few weeks of exciting "green shoot" news, a very important economic statistic has been ignored: The U.S. saving rate.
U.S. citizens have been saving less and less since the early 1980s. And the saving rate even turned negative during the height of the real estate bubble. But in April, the personal saving rate in the U.S. surged to 5.7 percent, a 15-year high. That represents a massive trend change and has important consequences for the future. But before I address them, I want to remind you of ...
The Formula for Prosperity
Let's start with an example of a very basic economic thought ...
By following the simple formula of "save and invest" over long periods, individuals —and nations — grow wealthy.
You can use the results of working at your job in two distinct ways: Either you consume, or you save. If you consume all the results of your work, the whole story ends immediately, no wealth is generated.
However, if you sock away some money, the savings are invested — either directly or indirectly by using an agent such as a bank. In other words, as long as you don't hide your savings in your mattress, the money is being put to work someplace else.
The goal of investing is to have more money in the future than you have now, so that you are able to consume more in the future than you can in the present. This is the very definition of wealth generation. And by following the simple formula of "save and invest" over long periods, even over generations, individuals — and nations — grow wealthy.
Bottom line: Saving is the precondition to wealth generation. There is no way to short cut or fade this economic law. And this formula does not work backwards, meaning that it is impossible to consume or to borrow one's way to prosperity.
Wealth Personal Saving Rate Plunges ...
During the second half of the 1990s, the U.S. saving rate started breaking down. That's because Alan Greenspan's stock market bubble kicked in, and people had the illusion of wealth generation without the need to continue saving.
In 2001 the saving rate hit the zero mark for the first time, and then got even worse! Reason: Greenspan's monetary policy started the biggest real estate bubble of all time, and people were further lured away from the concept of saving. They took on debt like never before. They relied upon rising stock and real estate prices to take care of their future prosperity.
To make matters worse, this absurd idea was massively promoted by the central bankers who never called the bubble for what it was. They even tried to rationalize it instead of issuing appropriate warnings.
The rest is history: The bubble burst and together with it the dreams of millions of people. And the worst financial and economic crisis since the 1930s started to evolve.
Thanks to the Current Crisis, It Seems as if Americans Have Finally Come to Their Senses!
Over the past few months the situation has changed dramatically. The wealth illusion, which was fostered by the Fed-induced dual bubbles, is finally gone.
The Baby Boomer Generation, some 78 million strong, has realized that planning on rising stock and real estate prices to meet their future needs has led to huge losses.
This wealth destruction has unveiled a massive gap in retirement provisions. All of a sudden many Baby Boomers have started to worry about how to finance their old age. They've suddenly realized that consumption and indebtedness are not the way to prosperity. Consequently, they've started to cut back spending and save more.
In fact, shortly after the recession started in late 2007, the personal saving rate surged from zero to 5 percent. A short pullback followed. But then what looks like a new and healthy uptrend developed.
The U.S., world capitol of the "buy now, pay later" attitude, is undergoing a huge shift. Saving is making a real comeback.
This change in attitude is in all likelihood just the beginning of a long-term trend that will be with us for many years to come. In fact, I expect a lasting return to the country's former saving rate of roughly 10 percent.
The Consequences, Both Good and Bad ...
To close the gap between their current assets and their retirement needs, Baby Boomers will have to save more and spend less. Saving is the precondition for a better future. And finally Americans are abandoning the track of more and more indebtedness, which unquestionably leads to decline and poverty.
So long term, a rising saving rate is very positive. It's laying the foundation for future growth and prosperity. In the shorter term though, this trend has rather unpleasant implications, particularly in the area of consumer demand for goods and services.
As I already mentioned, Baby Boomers are now facing retirement and don't have much time left to close the gap between their current assets and their retirement needs. So they will have to cut back their spending, which does not bode well for the economy or the stock market.
This investment news is brought to you by Money and Markets. Money and Markets is a free daily investment newsletter from Martin D. Weiss and Weiss Research analysts offering the latest investing news and financial insights for the stock market, including tips and advice on investing in gold, energy and oil. Dr. Weiss is a leader in the fields of investing, interest rates, financial safety and economic forecasting. To view archives or subscribe, visit http://www.moneyandmarkets.com.
U.S. citizens have been saving less and less since the early 1980s. And the saving rate even turned negative during the height of the real estate bubble. But in April, the personal saving rate in the U.S. surged to 5.7 percent, a 15-year high. That represents a massive trend change and has important consequences for the future. But before I address them, I want to remind you of ...
The Formula for Prosperity
Let's start with an example of a very basic economic thought ...
By following the simple formula of "save and invest" over long periods, individuals —and nations — grow wealthy.
You can use the results of working at your job in two distinct ways: Either you consume, or you save. If you consume all the results of your work, the whole story ends immediately, no wealth is generated.
However, if you sock away some money, the savings are invested — either directly or indirectly by using an agent such as a bank. In other words, as long as you don't hide your savings in your mattress, the money is being put to work someplace else.
The goal of investing is to have more money in the future than you have now, so that you are able to consume more in the future than you can in the present. This is the very definition of wealth generation. And by following the simple formula of "save and invest" over long periods, even over generations, individuals — and nations — grow wealthy.
Bottom line: Saving is the precondition to wealth generation. There is no way to short cut or fade this economic law. And this formula does not work backwards, meaning that it is impossible to consume or to borrow one's way to prosperity.
Wealth Personal Saving Rate Plunges ...
During the second half of the 1990s, the U.S. saving rate started breaking down. That's because Alan Greenspan's stock market bubble kicked in, and people had the illusion of wealth generation without the need to continue saving.
In 2001 the saving rate hit the zero mark for the first time, and then got even worse! Reason: Greenspan's monetary policy started the biggest real estate bubble of all time, and people were further lured away from the concept of saving. They took on debt like never before. They relied upon rising stock and real estate prices to take care of their future prosperity.
To make matters worse, this absurd idea was massively promoted by the central bankers who never called the bubble for what it was. They even tried to rationalize it instead of issuing appropriate warnings.
The rest is history: The bubble burst and together with it the dreams of millions of people. And the worst financial and economic crisis since the 1930s started to evolve.
Thanks to the Current Crisis, It Seems as if Americans Have Finally Come to Their Senses!
Over the past few months the situation has changed dramatically. The wealth illusion, which was fostered by the Fed-induced dual bubbles, is finally gone.
The Baby Boomer Generation, some 78 million strong, has realized that planning on rising stock and real estate prices to meet their future needs has led to huge losses.
This wealth destruction has unveiled a massive gap in retirement provisions. All of a sudden many Baby Boomers have started to worry about how to finance their old age. They've suddenly realized that consumption and indebtedness are not the way to prosperity. Consequently, they've started to cut back spending and save more.
In fact, shortly after the recession started in late 2007, the personal saving rate surged from zero to 5 percent. A short pullback followed. But then what looks like a new and healthy uptrend developed.
The U.S., world capitol of the "buy now, pay later" attitude, is undergoing a huge shift. Saving is making a real comeback.
This change in attitude is in all likelihood just the beginning of a long-term trend that will be with us for many years to come. In fact, I expect a lasting return to the country's former saving rate of roughly 10 percent.
The Consequences, Both Good and Bad ...
To close the gap between their current assets and their retirement needs, Baby Boomers will have to save more and spend less. Saving is the precondition for a better future. And finally Americans are abandoning the track of more and more indebtedness, which unquestionably leads to decline and poverty.
So long term, a rising saving rate is very positive. It's laying the foundation for future growth and prosperity. In the shorter term though, this trend has rather unpleasant implications, particularly in the area of consumer demand for goods and services.
As I already mentioned, Baby Boomers are now facing retirement and don't have much time left to close the gap between their current assets and their retirement needs. So they will have to cut back their spending, which does not bode well for the economy or the stock market.
This investment news is brought to you by Money and Markets. Money and Markets is a free daily investment newsletter from Martin D. Weiss and Weiss Research analysts offering the latest investing news and financial insights for the stock market, including tips and advice on investing in gold, energy and oil. Dr. Weiss is a leader in the fields of investing, interest rates, financial safety and economic forecasting. To view archives or subscribe, visit http://www.moneyandmarkets.com.
Thursday, May 14, 2009
Home Foreclosures are Souring
Just out...
Home foreclosures are soaring: RealtyTrac reported that home foreclosure filings skyrocketed 32 percent to a new all-time record high in April, making the March-April period the worst two-month surge in foreclosures ever with a record 682,000 homeowners receiving notices.
And as if that news isn’t disturbing enough, they’re also warning that the greatest surge in foreclosures of this crisis is still ahead.
Conclusion: The housing bust that lit the fuse on this economic crisis is nowhere near ending.
Home foreclosures are soaring: RealtyTrac reported that home foreclosure filings skyrocketed 32 percent to a new all-time record high in April, making the March-April period the worst two-month surge in foreclosures ever with a record 682,000 homeowners receiving notices.
And as if that news isn’t disturbing enough, they’re also warning that the greatest surge in foreclosures of this crisis is still ahead.
Conclusion: The housing bust that lit the fuse on this economic crisis is nowhere near ending.
Thursday, April 30, 2009
Obama: A Major Step in Making Homes Affordable!
Yesterday we saw additional positive steps in making homes more affordable for all homeowners that need assistance. The US Treasury Department has now addressed second mortgages. You may have noticed from previous postings on our blog or newsletters that we believe second mortgages are a key to making this tremendous impact on today’s economy. For over two years, we have focused our attention on this niche market and became a buyer of bulk purchases in this space directly from banks. Everyone can finger point as to who to blame, but at the end of the day we need solutions. Yesterday’s announcement will make it easier for borrowers to modify or refinance their loans, and the owner and servicers are now given more flexibility than ever to work with homeowners.
We do recognize that unfortunately, it is the investor who put money into a growing market that is not getting a single reprieve. There is no assistance to refinance, to modify or to even limit some of the tax implications if debt is forgiven. Hopefully you were hedged and are not being impacted. While we continue to speak out for investors when we can, we will continue to bring you pertinent information like government programs or changes in legislation.
For now, we are happy to see positive steps taken in adjusting mortgages and reducing foreclosures, specifically in the second mortgage world. Please see the announcement below:
U.S. Treasury Department
Office of Public Affairs
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: April 28, 2009
CONTACT: Treasury Public Affairs (202) 622-2960
http://www.financialstability.gov/latest/pr04_28.html
Obama Administration Announces New Details on Making Home Affordable Program Parallel Second Lien Program to Help Homeowners Achieve Greater Affordability Integration of Hope for Homeowners to Help Underwater Borrowers Regain Equity in their Homes
WASHINGTON - The Obama Administration today announced details of new efforts to help bring relief to responsible homeowners under the Making Home Affordable Program, including an effort to achieve greater affordability for homeowners by lowering payments on their second mortgages as well as a set of measures to help underwater borrowers stay in their homes.
"With these latest program details, we're offering even more opportunities for borrowers to make their homes more affordable under the Administration's housing plan," said Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner. "Ensuring that responsible homeowners can afford to stay in their homes is critical to stabilizing the housing market, which is in turn critical to stabilizing our financial system overall. Every step we take forward is done with that imperative in mind."
"Today's announcements will make it easier for borrowers to modify or refinance their loans under FHA's Hope for Homeowners program," said HUD Secretary Shaun Donovan. "We encourage Congress to enact the necessary legislative changes to make the Hope for Homeowners program an integral part of the Making Home Affordable Program."
The Second Lien Program announced today will work in tandem with first lien modifications offered under the Home Affordable Modification Program to deliver a comprehensive affordability solution for struggling borrowers.
Second mortgages can create significant challenges in helping borrowers avoid foreclosure, even when a first lien is modified. Up to 50 percent of at-risk mortgages have second liens, and many properties in foreclosure have more than one lien. Under the Second Lien Program, when a Home Affordable Modification is initiated on a first lien, servicers participating in the Second Lien Program will automatically reduce payments on the associated second lien according to a pre-set protocol. Alternatively, servicers will have the option to extinguish the second lien in return for a lump sum payment under a pre-set formula determined by Treasury, allowing servicers to target principal extinguishment to the borrowers where extinguishment is most appropriate.
Separately, the Administration has also announced steps to incorporate the Federal Housing Administration's (FHA) Hope for Homeowners into Making Home Affordable. Hope for Homeowners requires the holder of the mortgage to accept a payoff below the current market value of the home, allowing the borrower to refinance into a new FHA-guaranteed loan. Refinancing into a new loan below the home's market value takes a borrower from a position of being underwater to having equity in their home. By increasing a homeowner's equity in the home, Hope for Homeowners can produce a better outcome for borrowers who qualify.
Under the changes announced today and, when evaluating borrowers for a Home Affordable Modification, servicers will be required to determine eligibility for a Hope for Homeowners refinancing. Where Hope for Homeowners proves to be viable, the servicer must offer this option to the borrower. To ensure proper alignment of incentives, servicers and lenders will receive pay-for-success payments for Hope for Homeowners refinancing similar to those offered for Home Affordable Modifications. These additional supports are designed to work in tandem and take effect with the improved and expanded program under consideration by Congress. The Administration supports legislation to strengthen Hope for Homeowners so that it can function effectively as an integral part of the Making Home Affordable Program.
Making Home Affordable, a comprehensive plan to stabilize the U.S. housing market, was first announced by the Administration on February 18. The three part program includes aggressive measures to support low mortgage rates by strengthening confidence in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; a Home Affordable Refinance Program, which will provide new access to refinancing for up to 4 to 5 million homeowners; and a Home Affordable Modification Program, which will reduce monthly payments on existing first lien mortgages for up to 3 to 4 million at-risk homeowners. Two weeks later, the Administration published detailed guidelines for the Home Affordable Modification Program and authorized servicers to begin modifications under the plan immediately. Twelve servicers, including the five largest, have now signed contracts and begun modifications under the program. Between loans covered by these servicers and loans owned or securitized by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, more
than 75 percent of all loans in the country are now covered by the Making Home Affordable Program.
Continuing to bolster its outreach around the program, the Administration also announced today a new effort to engage directly with homeowners via MakingHomeAffordable.gov. Starting today, homeowners will have the ability to submit individual questions through the website to the Administration's housing team. Members of the Treasury and HUD staffs will periodically select commonly asked questions and post responses on MakingHomeAffordable.gov. To submit a question, homeowners can visit www.MakingHomeAffordable.gov/feedback.html. Selected questions from homeowners across the country and responses from the Administration will be available at www.MakingHomeAffordable.gov/asked-and-answered.html.
About PropertyVestors
PropertyVestors is an investment group of CEOs, entrepreneurs and accredited real estate investors that are taking active steps to maximize their profits, while minimizing their risk by creating a diversified real estate portfolio and taking advantage of niche markets.
Furthermore, PropertyVestors enables investors to capitalize on different market conditions. The strategies include private lending options; preconstruction syndication; and bulk purchases of foreclosed properties and mortgage notes. With PropertyVestors, you can take advantage of a new investment model and innovative real estate strategies. PropertyVestors' real estate strategies and ongoing education can position you build your net wealth, while minimizing risk.
For general information about PropertyVestors or its offerings, email invest@propertyvestors.com or call 1-877-90-BUYER.
Sarah Barry is the founder of PropertyVestors (www.PropertyVestors.com). PropertyVestors is a successful real estate investment group that creates above-market returns at below-market risk.
We do recognize that unfortunately, it is the investor who put money into a growing market that is not getting a single reprieve. There is no assistance to refinance, to modify or to even limit some of the tax implications if debt is forgiven. Hopefully you were hedged and are not being impacted. While we continue to speak out for investors when we can, we will continue to bring you pertinent information like government programs or changes in legislation.
For now, we are happy to see positive steps taken in adjusting mortgages and reducing foreclosures, specifically in the second mortgage world. Please see the announcement below:
U.S. Treasury Department
Office of Public Affairs
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: April 28, 2009
CONTACT: Treasury Public Affairs (202) 622-2960
http://www.financialstability.gov/latest/pr04_28.html
Obama Administration Announces New Details on Making Home Affordable Program Parallel Second Lien Program to Help Homeowners Achieve Greater Affordability Integration of Hope for Homeowners to Help Underwater Borrowers Regain Equity in their Homes
WASHINGTON - The Obama Administration today announced details of new efforts to help bring relief to responsible homeowners under the Making Home Affordable Program, including an effort to achieve greater affordability for homeowners by lowering payments on their second mortgages as well as a set of measures to help underwater borrowers stay in their homes.
"With these latest program details, we're offering even more opportunities for borrowers to make their homes more affordable under the Administration's housing plan," said Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner. "Ensuring that responsible homeowners can afford to stay in their homes is critical to stabilizing the housing market, which is in turn critical to stabilizing our financial system overall. Every step we take forward is done with that imperative in mind."
"Today's announcements will make it easier for borrowers to modify or refinance their loans under FHA's Hope for Homeowners program," said HUD Secretary Shaun Donovan. "We encourage Congress to enact the necessary legislative changes to make the Hope for Homeowners program an integral part of the Making Home Affordable Program."
The Second Lien Program announced today will work in tandem with first lien modifications offered under the Home Affordable Modification Program to deliver a comprehensive affordability solution for struggling borrowers.
Second mortgages can create significant challenges in helping borrowers avoid foreclosure, even when a first lien is modified. Up to 50 percent of at-risk mortgages have second liens, and many properties in foreclosure have more than one lien. Under the Second Lien Program, when a Home Affordable Modification is initiated on a first lien, servicers participating in the Second Lien Program will automatically reduce payments on the associated second lien according to a pre-set protocol. Alternatively, servicers will have the option to extinguish the second lien in return for a lump sum payment under a pre-set formula determined by Treasury, allowing servicers to target principal extinguishment to the borrowers where extinguishment is most appropriate.
Separately, the Administration has also announced steps to incorporate the Federal Housing Administration's (FHA) Hope for Homeowners into Making Home Affordable. Hope for Homeowners requires the holder of the mortgage to accept a payoff below the current market value of the home, allowing the borrower to refinance into a new FHA-guaranteed loan. Refinancing into a new loan below the home's market value takes a borrower from a position of being underwater to having equity in their home. By increasing a homeowner's equity in the home, Hope for Homeowners can produce a better outcome for borrowers who qualify.
Under the changes announced today and, when evaluating borrowers for a Home Affordable Modification, servicers will be required to determine eligibility for a Hope for Homeowners refinancing. Where Hope for Homeowners proves to be viable, the servicer must offer this option to the borrower. To ensure proper alignment of incentives, servicers and lenders will receive pay-for-success payments for Hope for Homeowners refinancing similar to those offered for Home Affordable Modifications. These additional supports are designed to work in tandem and take effect with the improved and expanded program under consideration by Congress. The Administration supports legislation to strengthen Hope for Homeowners so that it can function effectively as an integral part of the Making Home Affordable Program.
Making Home Affordable, a comprehensive plan to stabilize the U.S. housing market, was first announced by the Administration on February 18. The three part program includes aggressive measures to support low mortgage rates by strengthening confidence in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; a Home Affordable Refinance Program, which will provide new access to refinancing for up to 4 to 5 million homeowners; and a Home Affordable Modification Program, which will reduce monthly payments on existing first lien mortgages for up to 3 to 4 million at-risk homeowners. Two weeks later, the Administration published detailed guidelines for the Home Affordable Modification Program and authorized servicers to begin modifications under the plan immediately. Twelve servicers, including the five largest, have now signed contracts and begun modifications under the program. Between loans covered by these servicers and loans owned or securitized by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, more
than 75 percent of all loans in the country are now covered by the Making Home Affordable Program.
Continuing to bolster its outreach around the program, the Administration also announced today a new effort to engage directly with homeowners via MakingHomeAffordable.gov. Starting today, homeowners will have the ability to submit individual questions through the website to the Administration's housing team. Members of the Treasury and HUD staffs will periodically select commonly asked questions and post responses on MakingHomeAffordable.gov. To submit a question, homeowners can visit www.MakingHomeAffordable.gov/feedback.html. Selected questions from homeowners across the country and responses from the Administration will be available at www.MakingHomeAffordable.gov/asked-and-answered.html.
About PropertyVestors
PropertyVestors is an investment group of CEOs, entrepreneurs and accredited real estate investors that are taking active steps to maximize their profits, while minimizing their risk by creating a diversified real estate portfolio and taking advantage of niche markets.
Furthermore, PropertyVestors enables investors to capitalize on different market conditions. The strategies include private lending options; preconstruction syndication; and bulk purchases of foreclosed properties and mortgage notes. With PropertyVestors, you can take advantage of a new investment model and innovative real estate strategies. PropertyVestors' real estate strategies and ongoing education can position you build your net wealth, while minimizing risk.
For general information about PropertyVestors or its offerings, email invest@propertyvestors.com or call 1-877-90-BUYER.
Sarah Barry is the founder of PropertyVestors (www.PropertyVestors.com). PropertyVestors is a successful real estate investment group that creates above-market returns at below-market risk.
Friday, April 17, 2009
Economy Booming Again? Seriously?
It's hard to find anyone who's still bearish on the economy or the market these days. Listen to the average pundit on CNBC and this is what you'll hear:
-The credit crisis? It's over! Quit worrying.
-The real estate mess? Fixed! No problem.
-The economy? Rebounding. The worst is behind us.
-The markets? They're headed to infinity and beyond! Better get on board.
I've talked about the credit crisis a few times. And no less an authority than the International Monetary Fund (IMF) believes we've only acknowledged $1.29 trillion of the $4 trillion in total global credit losses to date. That means we're not even a THIRD of the way through the process.
In the real estate arena, we're seeing tentative signs of life in some hard-hit markets. But it's the distressed, "fire sale" stuff that's moving. Inventory levels remain high, and foreclosures show no sign of abating. In fact, foreclosure filings hit a new record high of 341,000 in March — a gain driven by rising unemployment, falling home prices, and the expiration of several, temporary state and industry moratoriums.
And that's just on the RESIDENTIAL front!
The COMMERCIAL real estate business is in full-scale meltdown mode. Prices are plunging, vacancies are soaring, and rents are dropping. Office tenants recently vacated a whopping 24.9 million square feet of space, the most since the 9/11 attacks. And General Growth Properties, the second-biggest mall operator in the U.S., just filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. The company is buried under $27 billion in debt, and its bankruptcy is the largest EVER seen in the commercial real estate industry.
It's (still) the Economy, Stupid!
But it's the economy that could be the weakest link here. Several companies have come out and said that business isn't getting any worse. Some of the earnings reports I've read talk about how conditions are now simply horrendous, rather than Armageddon-like.
But does that mean things are getting better? Is the economy really ramping up? Is the worst really behind us? I find that hard to believe. Just consider what we learned this week ...
The consumer is still on the ropes! Retail sales plunged 1.1 percent in March. That was a huge swing from the 0.3 percent gain in February, and much worse than forecast.
No matter how you slice and dice the numbers (exclude autos, exclude gas, etc.), you still come to the same conclusion: The consumer is on the ropes and not in the mood to blow his dwindling paycheck at the mall. That's unlikely to change anytime soon, not with the level of continuing jobless claims now running at more than 6 MILLION — the highest in U.S. history.
Factories are sitting idle! Industrial production dropped 1.5 percent in March. That was far worse than the 0.9 percent dip that was expected and the 14th decline in the past 15 months. Capacity utilization — the amount of available space that's actually being used — fell to 69.3 percent. That's the lowest level in the 42 years the government has been keeping track!
Deflation is far from dead! The Federal Reserve has been pumping money into the economy like mad to offset deflation. But so far, it doesn't seem to be working out that well. The Producer Price Index (PPI) dropped 1.2 percent last month, much worse than the forecast for a flat reading.
On a year-over-year basis, wholesale prices are now falling at a 3.5 percent rate. That's the deepest rate of deflation recorded in this country since January 1950! In addition, consumer-level deflation came in at 0.4 percent, the most since 1955.
Garden Variety Recession ... Or Something Else?
Many Wall Street investors are operating under the assumption that this is a garden variety recession. They're saying that the modicum of "less worse" news we've seen is a harbinger of "recovery." They expect consumer spending to resume its normal pace, factories to ramp production back up, and everything to be hunky dory by year end.
But if this is a much deeper economic decline ... one driven by the biggest bout of debt destruction and deleveraging this country has seen since the Great Depression ... that's a different story. In that case, the Fed's reflation efforts will fail. At best, the economy will muddle along. At worst, it will slip even further down the rabbit hole. And stocks will ultimately head lower.
I don't have a perfect crystal ball. But I believe the risk of a Japan-style economic stagnation is much higher than the traditional Wall Street pundit thinks it is. And I believe this recent rally smells more like the bear market variety — very sharp, relatively short-lived, and ultimately, doomed to fail. So I most certainly wouldn't be chasing it.
Until next time…
This investment news is brought to you by Money and Markets. Money and Markets is a free daily investment newsletter from Martin D. Weiss and Weiss Research analysts offering the latest investing news and financial insights for the stock market, including tips and advice on investing in gold, energy and oil. Dr. Weiss is a leader in the fields of investing, interest rates, financial safety and economic forecasting. To view archives or subscribe, visit http://www.moneyandmarkets.com.
-The credit crisis? It's over! Quit worrying.
-The real estate mess? Fixed! No problem.
-The economy? Rebounding. The worst is behind us.
-The markets? They're headed to infinity and beyond! Better get on board.
I've talked about the credit crisis a few times. And no less an authority than the International Monetary Fund (IMF) believes we've only acknowledged $1.29 trillion of the $4 trillion in total global credit losses to date. That means we're not even a THIRD of the way through the process.
In the real estate arena, we're seeing tentative signs of life in some hard-hit markets. But it's the distressed, "fire sale" stuff that's moving. Inventory levels remain high, and foreclosures show no sign of abating. In fact, foreclosure filings hit a new record high of 341,000 in March — a gain driven by rising unemployment, falling home prices, and the expiration of several, temporary state and industry moratoriums.
And that's just on the RESIDENTIAL front!
The COMMERCIAL real estate business is in full-scale meltdown mode. Prices are plunging, vacancies are soaring, and rents are dropping. Office tenants recently vacated a whopping 24.9 million square feet of space, the most since the 9/11 attacks. And General Growth Properties, the second-biggest mall operator in the U.S., just filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. The company is buried under $27 billion in debt, and its bankruptcy is the largest EVER seen in the commercial real estate industry.
It's (still) the Economy, Stupid!
But it's the economy that could be the weakest link here. Several companies have come out and said that business isn't getting any worse. Some of the earnings reports I've read talk about how conditions are now simply horrendous, rather than Armageddon-like.
But does that mean things are getting better? Is the economy really ramping up? Is the worst really behind us? I find that hard to believe. Just consider what we learned this week ...
The consumer is still on the ropes! Retail sales plunged 1.1 percent in March. That was a huge swing from the 0.3 percent gain in February, and much worse than forecast.
No matter how you slice and dice the numbers (exclude autos, exclude gas, etc.), you still come to the same conclusion: The consumer is on the ropes and not in the mood to blow his dwindling paycheck at the mall. That's unlikely to change anytime soon, not with the level of continuing jobless claims now running at more than 6 MILLION — the highest in U.S. history.
Factories are sitting idle! Industrial production dropped 1.5 percent in March. That was far worse than the 0.9 percent dip that was expected and the 14th decline in the past 15 months. Capacity utilization — the amount of available space that's actually being used — fell to 69.3 percent. That's the lowest level in the 42 years the government has been keeping track!
Deflation is far from dead! The Federal Reserve has been pumping money into the economy like mad to offset deflation. But so far, it doesn't seem to be working out that well. The Producer Price Index (PPI) dropped 1.2 percent last month, much worse than the forecast for a flat reading.
On a year-over-year basis, wholesale prices are now falling at a 3.5 percent rate. That's the deepest rate of deflation recorded in this country since January 1950! In addition, consumer-level deflation came in at 0.4 percent, the most since 1955.
Garden Variety Recession ... Or Something Else?
Many Wall Street investors are operating under the assumption that this is a garden variety recession. They're saying that the modicum of "less worse" news we've seen is a harbinger of "recovery." They expect consumer spending to resume its normal pace, factories to ramp production back up, and everything to be hunky dory by year end.
But if this is a much deeper economic decline ... one driven by the biggest bout of debt destruction and deleveraging this country has seen since the Great Depression ... that's a different story. In that case, the Fed's reflation efforts will fail. At best, the economy will muddle along. At worst, it will slip even further down the rabbit hole. And stocks will ultimately head lower.
I don't have a perfect crystal ball. But I believe the risk of a Japan-style economic stagnation is much higher than the traditional Wall Street pundit thinks it is. And I believe this recent rally smells more like the bear market variety — very sharp, relatively short-lived, and ultimately, doomed to fail. So I most certainly wouldn't be chasing it.
Until next time…
This investment news is brought to you by Money and Markets. Money and Markets is a free daily investment newsletter from Martin D. Weiss and Weiss Research analysts offering the latest investing news and financial insights for the stock market, including tips and advice on investing in gold, energy and oil. Dr. Weiss is a leader in the fields of investing, interest rates, financial safety and economic forecasting. To view archives or subscribe, visit http://www.moneyandmarkets.com.
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